Modulations in Cortical Oscillatory Bands as a Function of Language Aptitude and Learning

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of English, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

2 Department of English, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Gulf College, Oman.

3 Bahar Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Cortical oscillatory bands are mostly affected while learning a new language and even before learning, since one might have a high or low language aptitude. As investigations in neuroscience progress, the number of studies using EEG (electroencephalography) to measure different brain band waves, including gamma, beta, alpha, theta, and delta, increases. This systematic review intends to determine the extent to which language aptitude and learning are correlated with brain waves. In doing so, we searched for research articles in the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Through rigorous database searches and screening, twenty-two appropriate peer-reviewed EEG studies between 2015 and 2025 that assess brain oscillations linked with language aptitude were found according to PRISMA guidelines and analyzed. Research indicates that alpha and theta bands predict language acquisition and vocabulary development, beta and gamma support higher-order cognitive and linguistic integration, and delta contributes to rhythmic entrainment and sentence-level processing, particularly in developmental and language disorders. Based on the reviews, the study aimed to guide academicians to notice such vital issues in learners so they can maintain a better language learning environment.

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Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 23 September 2026

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